「金融时报」Facebook卷入数据助选丑闻，真成“非死不可”了?
Facebook in storm over Cambridge Analytica data scandal
Facebook卷入数据助选丑闻
与特朗普前首席策略师班农关系密切的剑桥分析，被指利用从5000万Facebook用户收集的数据帮助特朗普当选美国总统。
Facebook is under increasing pressure to explain how data collected on 50m users were exploited[1] for political gain, following claims that data firm Cambridge Analytica used the leaked information to help Donald Trump win the US presidency.
Facebook正受到越来越大的压力，要求其解释5000万用户被收集的数据是如何被用于谋取政治利益的。此前有说法称，数据公司剑桥分析(Cambridge Analytica)曾利用这些泄露的信息帮助唐纳德•特朗普(Donald Trump)赢得美国总统大选。
[1]exploit:
1) to treat someone unfairly by asking them to do things for you, but giving them very little in return – used to show disapproval 剥削，压榨〔含贬义〕
Homeworkers can easily be exploited by employers.
在家工作的人容易被雇主剥削。
2) to try to get as much as you can out of a situation, sometimes unfairly 利用
The violence was blamed on thugs exploiting the situation.
暴力事件归咎于这一局面被暴徒所利用。
Politicians on both sides of the Atlantic are calling on the social network to reveal more information on how Cambridge Analytica, which has close ties to Steve Bannon, Mr Trump’s former chief strategist, harvested data of US voters.
大西洋两岸的政界人士都在呼吁这家社交网络公司交代更多信息，说明与特朗普前首席策略师史蒂夫•班农(Steve Bannon)关系密切的剑桥分析，究竟是如何采集美国选民数据的。
British MP Damian Collins has asked Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook’s chief executive, to personally testify in an investigation into how the social network was also used in political campaigns including the Brexit referendum.
英国议员达米安•柯林斯(Damian Collins)已要求Facebook首席执行官马克•扎克伯格(Mark Zuckerberg)在一项调查中亲自作证——调查的目的在于弄清楚这家社交网络公司是如何也被用于政治宣传活动（包括英国退欧公投）的。
Mr Collins said it was time for Mr Zuckerberg to “stop hiding behind his Facebook page”.
柯林斯表示，扎克伯格是时候“停止躲在他的Facebook页面背后”了。
Mr Collins yesterday accused Alexander Nix, Cambridge Analytica’s chief executive, of “deliberately misleading” a committee hearing last month when he told parliament that his firm did not use any Facebook data. Mr Nix told the FT at the weekend that he stood by his comments, despite a former employee turned whistleblower claiming he had evidence to the contrary.
昨日，柯林斯指控剑桥分析的首席执行官亚历山大•尼克斯(Alexander Nix)“蓄意误导”一个委员会的听证会，因为他在上月告诉议会，他的公司未曾使用Facebook的任何数据。尼克斯在周末告诉英国《金融时报》，他坚持自己的说法，尽管一名前雇员变成了告密者，称自己拥有相反的证据。
Mr Nix added: “We deleted our Facebook data at the time we were alerted to a possible contravention[2] of Facebook data policies.” When asked why he did not disclose this to parliament he said: “They didn’t ask me that.”
尼克斯接着说：“在收到可能违反Facebook数据政策的警示后，我们便删除了自己的Facebook数据。”在被问及为何不向议会披露此事时，他说：“他们没有问我这个。”
[2]contravention: when someone does something that is not allowed by a law or rule 抵触，违反〔法律或规定〕
[+ of ]
Sending the troops was a contravention of the treaty.
派遣军队违反了条约。
in contravention of sth (= in a way not allowed by a rule or law) = in breach of 与某规定[法律]抵触
Several of the girls were wearing trousers, in contravention of the school rules on dress.
有几个女孩穿着裤子，这违犯了学校的着装规定。
Amy Klobuchar, a Democratic senator from Minnesota, said Mr Zuckerberg needed to testify before the Senate as it was “clear these platforms can’t police themselves”.
明尼苏达州民主党参议员埃米•克罗布彻(Amy Klobuchar)说，扎克伯格需要在参议院作证，因为“这些平台显然不能自我监督”。
So far only mid-level Facebook executives have defended the company since the revelations from Christopher Wylie, the Cambridge Analytica whistleblower, were published in the New York Times and the Observer at the weekend. The social network executives said it was not a data breach because it had not been hacked.
自剑桥分析的告密者克里斯托弗•怀利(Christopher Wylie)揭发的情况在周末被《纽约时报》(NYT)和《观察家报》(The Observer)刊登以来，迄今只有Facebook的中层高管为该公司进行辩护。这家社交网络公司的高管们表示，这并非数据泄露，因为该公司没有遭到黑客攻击。
The reports allege[3] that Cambridge Analytica was passed data collected by Global Science Research using a psychological survey app for research. It used the data to create profiles on respondents and their friends, which were used for political targeting without consent.
相关报道称，剑桥分析获得了全球科学研究(Global Science Research)通过一款研究用途心理调查app收集的数据。剑桥分析利用这些数据创建了被调查者及其朋友们的档案，而这些档案在未征得同意的情况下被用于政治目标定向。
[3]allege: to say that something is true or that someone has done something wrong, although it has not been proved 〔在未经证实下〕断言，宣称，声称；指控
It was alleged that the policeman had accepted bribes.
有人声称这名警察收受贿赂。
The prosecution alleged that the man had been responsible for an act of terrorism.
控方指控那名男子发起了一次恐怖主义行动。
The water is alleged to be polluted with mercury.
据称这片水域受到汞污染。
Facebook banned the data analytics company on Friday, three years after it first discovered it had broken its rules.
上周五，也就是在Facebook首次发现该公司违反其规则三年后，Facebook禁止了这家数据分析公司。
译者/何黎
随着数据泄密丑闻的持续发酵，Facebook受到了越来越大的压力。多国政府都对Facebook掀起了监管风暴。重压之下，Facebook将何去何从？
Facebook is under increasing pressure from investors over its handling of the Cambridge Analytica data scandal, with a number of shareholders putting their stakes in the social media network under review and others launching class action[4] lawsuits against the world’s biggest social network.
[4]class action: a lawsuit arranged by a group of people for themselves and other people with the same problem 集体控告[诉讼]
Investors are demanding answers from Facebook chief executive Mark Zuckerberg, who did not comment publicly until Wednesday on reports the UK data analytics company that worked for Donald Trump’s presidential campaign had improperly obtained data from 50m Facebook users.
Nordea Asset Management, the €330bn Nordic investment house, has banned its sustainable funds from investing in Facebook in the wake of[5] the scandal. “Given the mandate of the sustainability funds, we can no longer take on the risk in relation to this,” said Sasja Beslik, head of group sustainable finance.
[5]in the wake of: if something, especially something bad, happens in the wake of an event, it happens afterwards and usually as a result of it 〔尤指不好的事〕紧随某事而来；作为某事的后果
Famine followed in the wake of the drought.
旱灾之后，饥荒紧随而来。
Union Investment, the German asset manager, and a number of smaller investors are reviewing some of their holdings in Facebook.
Index provider MSCI and Sustainalytics, a rating company, said they were reassessing the environmental, social and governance scores they have awarded Facebook, in light of[考虑到；鉴于] the revelations. These scores are often used by investors when deciding whether to invest in or sell a stock, meaning a downgrade by either could spark a further sell-off[6] in the company.
[6]sell-off: The sell-off of something, for example, an industry owned by the state or a company's shares, is the selling of it. (国有企业、公司股份等的) 出售
The privatization of the electricity industry was the biggest sell-off of them all.
电力行业的私有化是这类出售中最大的一宗。
A spokesperson for Facebook pointed to a statement by Paul Grewal, the company’s deputy general counsel. “We are committed to vigorously enforcing our policies to protect people’s information. We will take whatever steps are required to see that this happens,” he said.
Cambridge Analytica said it deleted the data when it realised they were collected in contravention of Facebook’s terms of service and that none were used for its work with the Trump campaign. Facebook said it discovered the problem in 2015 and is now investigating whether the data were actually deleted.
But investors have been heavily critical of[批评] Facebook’s response to the scandal. Jonas Kron, senior vice-president at Trillium Asset Management, which owns about $12m of Facebook shares, said before Mr Zuckerberg’s statement on Wednesday evening that it had been very concerning that the company had been sending relatively junior people to speak at Congress.
Mr Beslik has written to Facebook. “We are seeking clarification from the company and hopefully we will be able to meet them soon,” he said. “There are so many big questions they need to answer and there is so little information available.”
Natasha Lamb, managing partner at Arjuna Capital, an impact investing firm, added: “[The revelations are] fundamentally troubling from the investor perspective, not only because the company has been so recalcitrant[7] in its response. There are material risks[重大风险] here in terms of regulator risk, revenue risk and brand risk. There are also risk to our democracy.”
[7]recalcitrant: If you describe someone or something as recalcitrant, you mean that they are unwilling to obey orders or are difficult to deal with. 不服从命令的; 难对付的
The danger is that recalcitrant local authorities will reject their responsibilities.
危险在于那些不服从命令的地方当局将拒绝履行他们的职责。
Arjuna Capital has a proposal on the ballot[无记名投票] at Facebook’s upcoming annual meeting later this year that will call for better policies on election interference, hate speech[诋毁演说] and dissemination of violence on the site. Trillium Asset Management also has filed a proposal for Facebook to introduce a risk oversight board committee.
Stephen Beer, chief investment officer for the Methodist Central Finance Board, said the church held Facebook stocks through the funds in which it invests. “We will be talking to them about the recent news,” he added.
The technology company has also been hit by two class action suits in the US. One, brought by Facebook investor Fan Yuan, accused the social network of misleading shareholders by failing to disclose the problem earlier.
The other, by a Facebook customer called Lauren Price, alleges that the company has an “absolute disregard” for users’ personal information and accused it of failing to stop the “improper” data collection. The suit includes Cambridge Analytica as a defendant.
Cambridge Analytica did not immediately return a request for comment on the lawsuit.
The actions filed on Tuesday add to the mounting[8] legal woes for the social network, which is facing investigations in the US and Europe over the scandal.
The Federal Trade Commission is looking into whether Facebook violated a 2011 privacy settlement, while the attorneys-general in New York and Massachusetts have also opened investigations.
[8]mounting: gradually increasing – often used about things that cause problems or trouble 越来越多的〔常指造成问题或麻烦的事物〕
There was mounting pressure on him to resign.
要求他辞职的压力越来越大。
来源：金融时报http://www.ftchinese.com/interactive/11451